USENIX Example P aper P ekk a Nik ander A alto Univ ersit y Jane-Ellen Long USENIX A ssociation Abstrac t This is an e xample f or a USENIX paper , in the f orm of an HTML/ CSS template. Being heavily self -ref- erential, this template illustrates the f eatures in- cluded in this template. It is e xpec ted that the prospec tiv e authors using HTML/ CSS w ould create a ne w document based on this template, remo v e the c ontent, and start writing their paper . No te that in this template, y ou may hav e a mul- ti-paragraph abstrac t. Ho w e v er , that it is no t nec- essarily a good prac tic e. T r y to k eep y our abstrac t in one paragraph, and remember that the op timal length f or an abstrac t is 200-300 w ords. 1 Introduc tion For the purposes of USENIX c onf erenc e publica- tions, the authors, no t the USENIX staff , are solely responsible f or the c ontent and f ormat ting of their paper . The purpose of this template is to help those authors that want to use HTML/ CSS to write their papers. This template has been prepared b y Håk on Wium Lie, and is based on a guide to using FrameMak er f or USENIX papers, writ ten b y P ekka Nikander with the help of Jane-Ellen Long. The rest of this paper is organiz ed as f ollo ws. Sec tion 2 giv es a brief o v er vie w of related w ork, such as o ther templates and st yle manuals. Sec tion 3 discusses the details of this template, and Sec- tion 4 c ontains our c onclusions. 2 R elated W ork P reparing good-looking publications is no t easy . It requires understanding of st yle and t ypography . The purpose of the templates pro vided b y the USENIX organization is to lif t the burden of caring about t ypography from the authors. Ho w e v er , the authors still remain, and will always remain, re- sponsible f or the st yle. 2.1 W ord and La T eX templates The USENIX w ebsite includes a template f or Mi- crosof t W ord, as w ell as La T eX templates. Many of the set tings in the CSS st yle sheet of this template hav e been c opied from the La T eX templates. Figure 1: This figure is sho w ed f or illustrational purpos- es only; flopp y disks are no t required to use this tem- plate. 2.2 St yle manuals Besides t ypography , st yle is the sec ond element of preparing easy -to-read publications. There are tens of good st yle manuals available. T o mention just a c ouple, The Elements of St yle b y Strunk and White [1] is a classic, and has remained a bestseller sinc e its introduc tion in 1930’ s. From the more c ontemporar y ones, W riting f or C omputer Scienc e b y Justin Z obel [2] seems appropriate. 3 Implementation In this sec tion w e c o v er the f eatures included in this template. Our goal has been that the authors do no t need to mak e modifications to the template; instead, the y should be able to c onc entrate on the c ontent and st yle. With this in mind, this template includes a number of f eatures. On the o ther hand, w e hav e also tried to k eep this document simple and easy to maintain. This template is writ ten in HTML, with CSS to pro vide st yling, and a small JavaScrip t to help f or- mat ref erenc es.


F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 Esc Power Sleep Wake Up Print Scrn SysRq Scroll Lock Pause Break Insert Home Page Up Delete End Page Down ½ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 + ' Q W E R T Y U I O P Å ^ A S D F G H J K L Æ Ø * > Z X C V B N M ; : _ Num Lock Caps Lock Scroll Lock Num Lock / * _ + Enter Ctrl Alt Caps Lock Alt Gr Ctrl Web E-Mail +Volume -Volume Mute Previous Next Menu Tuner < \ § ! " # ¤ % & / ( ) = ? ` | € @ £ $ { [ ] } " ~ ' - . , 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 Home PgUp End PgDn Ins Del , Figure 2: This figure floats to the top of the page, spanning bo th c olumns. 3.1 HTML5 This template uses HTML5 elements to aid in rep- resenting the document struc ture. The section element is used to split the te xt into sec tions, and the header element holds the headlines. The figure element is used to include figures and their c orrensponding cap tions liv e inside the fig- caption element. The cite element holds all ref- erenc es. A small microf ormat, based on a c onv ention of class names, is used to enc ode the name and affili- ation of the authors. 3.2 CSS A CSS st yle sheet describes ho w to f ormat the HTML document into a PDF file. CSS is a declar- ativ e language which at taches propert y values to HTML elements and documents. Many aspec ts of CSS is used to achie v e the presentation of USENIX papers, including: • multi-c olumn lay out • f oo tno tes • page and c olumn floats • multi-le v el c ounters Some c ommonly used f eatures are absent from the abo v e list: page numbers and running headers should no t be specif ed b y USENIX authors, these are added b y those who c ompile the P roc eedings. 3.3 JavaScrip t This template uses JavaScrip t to proc ess ref er- enc es. R ef erenc es are added at the point where the y appear , and a scrip t is later used to mo v e the ref erenc es to the end of the paper , leaving behind a numeric mark er . 3.4 PDF (This sec tion has been added b y Håk on Wium Lie) In order to c onv ert the document to PDF, a f or- mat ter is needed. C ommon bro wsers support HTML and CSS, but the y do no t support all the CSS func tionalit y f or page-based f ormat ting. For e x- ample, bro wsers do no t support f oo tno tes or page floats. This paper has been f ormat ted with P rinc e, [a] a purpose-built program f or c onv erting HTML and XML documents into PDF b y way of CSS. P rinc e is a c ommercial produc t, but can be do wnloaded and used f or free f or non-c ommercial purposes. In order f or P rinc e to proc ess the scrip t includ- ed in this template, a c ommand line op tion must be specified: $ prince --javascript example.html 4 T ables The table belo w lists recipients of the USENIX Lif e- time A chie v ement A ward in the 1900s. No tic e ho w no tes inside the table are mo v ed to the end of the table. Y ear R ecipient 1999 X Windo w System * 1998 Tim Berners-Lee 1997 Brian W . K ernighan [a] w w w .princ e xml.c om


1996 The Sof tware T ools P rojec t 1995 The Creation of USENET ** 1994 Netw orking T echnologies 1993 Berk ele y UNIX * Giv en to the C ommunit y at Large ** Giv en to Jim Ellis and T om T rusc o t t 5 C onclusions Each good paper c oncludes the most significant findings in the end. A ckno wledgments A polite author always includes ackno wledgments. Thank e v er y one, especially those who funded the w ork. A vailabilit y Please include a sec tion at the end of y our paper pro viding availabilit y inf ormation. If the system y ou describe is available to o thers, and if more in- f ormation (reports, etc. ) may be ob tained, indicate terms and c ontac t inf ormation. R ef erenc es [1] S TRUNK , W . J R . , AND W HITE , E.B. The Elements of St yle, 4th Ed, Allyn and Bac on, August, 1999, ISBN 020530902X [2] Z OBEL , J. W riting f or C omputer Scienc e, Springer -V erlag, Dec ember 1997 , ISBN 9813083220